), As temperatures warm, the sea level rises, submerging the Bering land bridge and isolating the Siberian immigrants as the aboriginal Americans, Go to Bering land bridge in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology (2 ed. Oxford Dictionary of English (3 ed. Ecuador • Chilean author Isabel Allende publishes her first novel, La Paz (Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, El Salvador, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Philippines, Uruguay, USA), Spanish–South American Wars of Independence (1810–25), Francia, José Gaspar Rodriguez de (1776–1840), Cochrane, Thomas, 10th earl of Dundonald (1775–1860), Plate, Battle of the River (13 December 1939), Haya de la Torre, Víctor Raúl (22 Feb. 1895), Pinochet Ugarte, Augusto (b. The Concise Oxford Companion to English Literature (3 ed. Many rural laborers moved to the cities to search for jobs. ), The Argentinian cruiser General Belgrano is sunk by a British torpedo, with the loss of 368 lives, Go to Falklands war (1982) in ), Rich seams of silver are discovered at Potosi, in modern Bolivia, Go to Potosí in Amerigo Vespucci was an Italian merchant and cartographer who voyaged to and wrote about the Americas. 1536 Battle of Reynogüelén; 16th century — 17th or 18th century Arauco War; 1546 Battle of Quilacura; 1550 Battle of Andalien; 1550 Battle of Penco ), Thor Heyerdahl sets sail across the Pacific from Peru in a balsa wood boat, the Kon-Tiki, Go to Heyerdahl, Thor (1914–2002) in Concise Medical Dictionary (8 ed. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology (2 ed. ), The Creole militia of Buenos Aires drive out an English force which has captured the city, Go to Beresford, Gen William Carr (1764–1854) in The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names (2 ed. 8 Oct. 1895) in The Chilean poet Pablo Neruda publishes his epic account of South America and its people, … ), The capital of the Portuguese colony of Brazil is moved from Bahia to Rio de Janeiro, Go to Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) in Oxford Dictionary of English (3 ed. Most of it is in the Southern Hemisphere. ), Alberto Fujimori and his newly formed Cambio 90 party win a surprise election victory in Peru, Go to Fujimori, Alberto Kenya (b. 5 Feb. 1931) in In the decades following European contact, disease, enslavement and land seizure destroyed the advanced civilizations of the continent, both in the Andes and the Amazon regions, sending the surviving inhabitants back to a far simpler social organization. ), Brazilian driver Ayrton Senna dies when the steering column of his car shears during the San Marino Grand Prix, Britain and Argentina come to an agreement concerning the future exploitation of oil around the Falkland Islands, Go to Falkland Islands in ), On Topa's death his son Huayna Capac succeeds to the throne as Inca emperor, In negotiations about the New World at Tordesillas, the king of Portugal insists on a new demarcation line which later brings him Brazil, Go to Tordesillas, Treaty of (7 June 1494) in “The seventeenth century sees the growth of local autonomy and the rise of criollo identities (people of European descent born in the Americas) throughout the Spanish Americas, even as the indigenous population continues its calamitous decline. Latin America. He led the first great Spanish expedition in the New World. World Encyclopedia (1 ed. ), At Huaca Prieta, the earliest known farming community in South America, squash, gourds and chili are cultivated, Go to Saladoid Culture in ), The people of Paracas, a coastal region of central Peru, create extremely sophisticated fabrics of woven cotton or vicuña wool, Go to Paracas Culture in Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern World (1 ed. Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed. 6500-5000 B.C. Dec 19, 2019. 26 July 1908) in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed. A Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture (2 ed. After Allied forces defeated Germany in World War II, Europe became a difficult place to be associated with Adolph Hitler’s Third Reich. A Dictionary of Political Biography (1 rev ed. ), The Chilean poet Gabriela Mistral makes her name with her first collection, Sonetos de la muerte, Go to Mistral, Gabriela (1889–1957) in 28 July 1938), Subject: Encyclopedias, Geographical reference. The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names (2 ed. World Encyclopedia (1 ed. The Chilean poet Gabriela Mistral makes her name with her first collection. ), Grant moves south in a hard-fought campaign to pin down Lee's Confederate army at Petersburg, near Richmond, Go to Wilderness to Petersburg Campaign in World Encyclopedia (1 ed. Economic difficulties continued because of the issue with borders and power stauses. In 1494, they agreed to split South America with the Treaty of Tordesillas. Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern World (1 ed. Peru • He distinguished himself there by his daring in battle with the natives, towards whom,... Pedro Álvares Cabral was a Portuguese noble, military commander, navigator and explorer regarded as the discoverer of Brazil. ), Bolívar resigns as president of Gran Colombia shortly before dying of tuberculosis, Sucre is assassinated on his journey home to Quito from a congress in Bogotá, Diego Portales begins a 30-year spell as Chile's conservative dictator, Panama becomes part of the newly independent republic of Colombia, Go to Panama (and Sri Lanka, USA) in Ancient America. Diego Velázquez was born in Cuéllar 1465, in the Segovia region of Spain. Regions • Help ... liberators Simon de Bolivar and José de San Martín complete the South American independence movement. Venezuela • Commonly referred to as part of the Americas, like North America, South America is named afte... 1580 BC ), The citizens of Bogotá expel the local Spanish officials and declare their loyalty to the deposed Ferdinand VII, Go to Ferdinand VII (1784–1833) in The Chilean poet Pablo Neruda publishes his epic account of South America and its people. ), Topa succeeds his father, Pachacuti, as emperor of the Incas, The Inca empire is extended to the north and a second capital is established at Quito, Go to Quito (Ecuador) in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed. A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed. 15 July 1926), Fujimori, Alberto Kenya (b. Cabral conducted the first substantial exploration of the northeast coast of South America and claimed it for Port... China Discovered the World, 1421 Gavin Menzies, Francisco de Carvajal, Demon of the Andes. Europe • ), Civil war breaks out in Uruguay between the Reds and the Whites, followers respectively of Rivera and Oribe, Brazil, historically the world's second largest importer of slaves from Africa, finally bans the slave trade, Go to slave trade, abolition of in A timeline of events during Spanish Colonization. Only PeopleOnly Events ), The earth drawings of the Nazca people, known now as the Nazca Lines, are some of the largest works of art ever created, The Mochica develop a civilization, in the north of modern Peru, known for its realistic pottery sculpture, Go to Mochica in Carvajal's career as... Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar was a Spanish conquistador. Oxford Dictionary of English (3 ed. 2009: Latin America is the only region in the world where murder rates increased in the first decade of the 21st century 2009: China becomes Brazil's largest trading partner Dec 2009: The swine flu has killed at least 120,000 people worldwide, mostly in South America From Present ), Cuban revolutionary Che Guevara is captured and executed in Bolivia, Catholic bishops in Latin America, plagued by oppressive regimes, develop the concept of liberation theology, Go to liberation theology in ), The emperor Pedro II frees all the remaining slaves in Brazil without compensating their owners, Go to Pedro II (1812–91) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed. The Concise Oxford Companion to English Literature (3 ed. ), San Martín enters Lima and proclaims Peruvian independence with himself as 'Protector', Bolívar defeats the Spanish at Carabobo and liberates, for the second time, his native city of Caracas, After defeating the Spanish at Pichincha, Antonio José de Sucre enters Quito and liberates Ecuador, Go to Sucre, Antonio José de (1795–1830) in ), Che Guevara arrives in Bolivia in the hope of fomenting a left-wing revolution, Go to Guevara (de la Serna), Che (1928–1967) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed. The Nazca Lines are a series of ancient geoglyphs located in the Nazca Desert of Peru. 1535 — 1537 Expedition to Chile of the Spanish conqueror Diego de Almagro. The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names (2 ed. A Dictionary of World History (2 ed. A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed. The Oxford Encyclopedia of Economic History (1 ed. Asia • ), Argentinian author Jorge Luis Borges publishes his first collection of poems, Fervor de Buenos Aires ('Fervour of Buenos Aires'), Go to Borges, Jorge Luis (1899–1986) in Under the auspices of the Catholic Monarchs of Spain, he completed four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean that led to gene... Ferdinand II, called the Catholic, was in his own right the King of Sicily from 1468 and King of Aragon from 1479. Geography was a key in the colonization of South America. As a consequence of his marriage to Isabella I, he was King of Castile jure uxoris as Ferdinand V from 1474 until her death i... America is named after Amerigo Vespucci, who was the first European to suggest that the Americas were not the East Indies. Suriname • → From Past ), Francia becomes dictator of Paraguay and for the next 26 years seals his nation off from the rest of the world, Go to Francia, José Gaspar Rodriguez de (1776–1840) in ), 5000 Argentinian troops land in the Falkland Islands, provoking war with Britain, Go to Falklands (Malvinas) War (1982) in Latin America: c. 5000 BCE - 2010 - Oxford Reference. Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed. A Dictionary of World History (2 ed. World Encyclopedia (1 ed. World Encyclopedia (1 ed. Hunter-gatherers gradually extend their territory far into South America, Go to Guitarrero Cave, Peru in The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names (2 ed. World Encyclopedia (1 ed. Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed. Ojeda accompanied Christopher Columbus in his second voyage to the New World in 1493. ), Chan Chan, today the largest of the ruined Andean cities, dominates the entire length of Peru, Go to Chan Chan in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed. The web's source of information for Ancient History: definitions, articles, timelines, maps, books, and illustrations. In 1519 he founded Panama City and moved his capital there in 1524. Spanish found St. Augustine, FL - first permanent white settlement in what is now the United States. ), The veteran left-wing politician Victor Haya is elected president of Peru but is thwarted by a coup led by General Ricardo Godoy, Go to Haya de la Torre, Víctor Raúl (22 Feb. 1895) in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed. We use cookies to enhance your experience on our website. Despite vast natural resources, including land and oil, many countries continue to struggle with the social consequences of widespread poverty. Oxford Dictionary of English (3 ed. John Cabot on his first voyage searching for the Northwest Passage. 1300-400 B.C. A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed. ), The Conservative Colorados recover power in Paraguay and reimpose military rule, Power is seized in Argentina by a new military junta, the Group of United Officers, Go to Perón, Juan Domingo (1895–1974) in In the south, Mexico and Central America have become part of the huge Spanish empire. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology (2 ed. 500 - The San people of South Africa begin to form larger tribes and herd livestock. Squash and chili are the first plants to be cultivated in America, in the Tehuácan valley in modern Mexico. History of South America There are some anthropological signs that point back to humans inhabiting South America since at least the year 9000 BCE. ), The two liberators, Bolívar and San Martín, meet in Guayaquil for a conference, Go to Guayaquil (Ecuador) in ), The Spanish authorities recover control of Venezuela, ending the region's first brief spell of independence, Simon Bolívar publishes the Manisfesto de Cartagena, calling on the citizens of New Granada to unite and expel the Spaniards, Bolívar defeats the Spanish forces in Venezuela and is welcomed in Caracas as the Liberator, José San Martín becomes commander of the patriot army of Argentina, replacing Manuel Belgrano, Go to San Martín, José de (1778–1850) in ), Rival Dutch, English and French colonies are established in Guiana, the northeast coast of south America, Go to Guiana in ), 20-year-old Chilean poet Pablo Neruda publishes one of his best-known collections, Twenty Love Poems, A military coup removes Hipolito Irigoyen from the presidency in Argentina, Getúlio Vargas begins a 24-year personal rule in Brazil, Go to Vargas, Getúlio Dornelles (1883–1954) in ), The Portuguese royal family flees to Brazil on the approach of a French army led by Jean-Andoche Junot, Go to John VI (1769–1826) in ), After a decisive victory over the Chanca people, a young Inca prince seizes the throne in Peru and takes the name Pachacuti, Cuzco, city of the Incas, grows rapidly in power after Pachacuti ('transformer of the earth') becomes emperor, The massive architecture of the Incas, consisting of finely dressed irregular blocks of stone, becomes a feature of Cuzco, The most sacred of the Inca divinities, Punchao, is symbolized by a great golden disc representing the sun, The Chimu empire in Peru is conquered by the Incas under the leadership of Pachacuti's son Topa, Go to Topa Inca (1493) in ), Bolívar marches his army across the Andes, captures Bogotá and proclaims the republic of Gran Colombia, Go to Colombia in ), The Aztecs begin to move south from their original home, which they call Aztlan, somewhere in northern Mexico, Go to Aztec in However, it's best to recognize that Columbus wasn't the first human to put a foot in the Americas. ), The inhabitants of Huaca Prieta grow cotton, from which they weave a coarse cloth, Go to cotton in ), The peace of Buenos Aires, ending the Chaco War, gives Paraguay most of the region under dispute with Bolivia, December 13 - the German pocket battleship Admiral Graf Spee is scuttled after a battle with Allied ships near the river Plate, Go to Plate, Battle of the River (13 December 1939) in Beginnings of agriculture, including maize production. ), Juan Perón, professed friend of the poor in Argentina, is arrested by brother officers, Go to Perón, Juan Domingo (8 Oct. 1895) in A Dictionary of Political Biography (1 rev ed. ), The 77-year-old Juan Perón, after returning to Argentina, is once again elected president, Chilean president Salvador Allende dies in the Chilean capital, Santiago, in a military coup led by Augusto Pinochet, Augusto Pinochet takes sole power in Chile, at the head of a junta which governs with extreme brutality, Isabel Perón becomes president of Argentina on the death of her husband Juan Perón, Go to Perón, Isabel (b. 30,000 BCE (Before the Common Era): Highly mobile hunting and gathering groups cross the Bering Strait land bridge in pursuit of large game and enter North America.. 10,000 BCE: A second migration crosses the Bering Strait and joins the first one.Groups spread all the way down to Chile in southern South America. He fought in Naples before moving to Seville, where he met B... Alonso de Ojeda was a Spanish navigator, governor and conquistador. The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names (2 ed. The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names (2 ed. A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed. A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed. ), The election of Hipolito Irigoyen as president begins sixteen years of radical government in Argentina, Go to Irigoyen, Hipólito (1850–1933) in ), Even the remote city of Machu Picchu, on its peak above the jungle, is built in the massively precise Inca style of masonry, Go to Machu Picchu, Peru in Students. ), Tiradentes (the 'puller of teeth') leads the first rebellion against Portuguese rule in Brazil, The Brazilian rebel Tiradentes is beheaded in public in Rio de Janeiro as a warning to would-be revolutionaries, Go to Brazil in ), The Inca ethnic group migrates into the region of the Cuzco valley in Peru, Go to Inca in ), The Argentine Rural Society is founded as the exclusive preserve of Argentina's oligarchy, Go to Argentina in Oceania • ), Augusto Pinochet, the only candidate in Chile's presidential election, resigns when he wins less than half the votes cast, Go to Pinochet Ugarte, Augusto (23 Nov. 1915) in CE. ), Brazil's first civilian president, Prudente de Morais, is peacefully elected, setting the pattern for the next four decades, Go to Presidente Prudente (São Paulo/Brazil) in ), In the treaty of Breda, England keeps New Amsterdam and New Netherland, and Holland keeps the English-held territory of Surinam, Go to Anglo‐Dutch Wars in World Encyclopedia (1 ed. ), A French expedition from St Malo, founding a colony on East Falkland, name the islands Les îsles Malouines, Go to Falkland Islands in Argentinian author Jorge Luis Borges publishes his first collection of poems. 1492 Aug 3. These people become known as the Khoikhoi. 28 July 1938) in 20-year-old Chilean poet Pablo Neruda publishes one of his best-known collections, Heitor Villa-Lobos composes the first of his. South America - South America - Geologic history: The geologic history of South America can be summarized in three different developmental stages, each corresponding to a major division of geologic time. He had conqured the massive Incan empire in just a few years with his army and the help of some of the Incans rivals. Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed. The Oxford Companion to Archaeology (1 ed. A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed. Arctics • ), New Laws are passed in Spain, in an attempt to protect the Indians on the encomiendas of Spanish America, Go to encomiendas in ), Floods and massive mudslides in the Vargas state of Venezuela kill an estimated 25,000 people, The British Home Secretary, Jack Straw, judges Augusto Pinochet mentally incapable to stand trial and returns him to Chile, Alerto Fujimori resigns after a corruption scandal during his third term as president of Peru, Five presidents succeed each other within a month in Argentina's economic crisis, Former Peruvian president Alberto Fujimori, after sheltering since 2000 in Japan, arrives unexpectedly in Chile, The Chilean Supreme Court grants the Peruvian government's request for the extradition of Alberto Fujimori to Peru, Peru's Supreme Court finds Alberto Fujimori guilty of authorizing death squads and sentences him to 25 years in prison, Thirty-three miners are brought safely to the surface after being trapped deep underground for 69 days in the San José mine in Chile, Go to Chile in She and her husband Ferdinand II of Aragon brought stability to both kingdoms that became the basis for the unification of Spain. A Dictionary of Political Biography (1 rev ed. ), The female mamakuna and the male yanakuna are selected in childhood to serve the Inca state, Portuguese explorer Pedro Cabral, with a fleet of thirteen ships, makes landfall in Brazil, Go to Cabral, Pedro Álvares (1467–1520) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed. ), Chávin de Huántar becomes the centre of the first civilization of south America, Go to Chavín culture in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed. Slavery was mainly preferred because sugarcane was widely cultivated in South America, and it was also in high demand. The following timeline compiles numerous sources to lay out an incomplete history of U.S. military and economic intervention in El Salvador, Honduras, and Guatemala over the past century. The high, arid plateau stretches more than 80 kilometres (50 mi) between the towns of Nazca and... Rowan Gavin Paton Menzies was a British author and retired submarine lieutenant-commander who has written books promoting claims that the Chinese sailed to America before Columbus. World Encyclopedia (1 ed. 1499 Amerigo Vespucci finds the South American Coast. The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names (2 ed. ), The Portuguese expel the Jesuits from Brazil, beginning a widespread reaction against the order in Catholic Europe, Go to Jesuits in Also see this comparative Ancient America Time Line.. Paleo-Indian. in (1565) 1600. ), Upper Peru declares independence as the republic of Bolivia, in honour of Simón Bolívar, Pedro I, emperor of Brazil, inherits the throne of Portugal (as Pedro IV) but continues to rule from Brazil, Lavalleja defeats a Brazilian army at Ituzaingó, in the decisive battle for Uruguayan independence, Conservative 'bigwigs' and liberal 'novices' emerge as Chile's two main political parties, Go to Chile in ), Pedro I abdicates in Brazil and returns to Europe to recover his Portuguese throne (as Pedro IV), Britain ejects the Argentinians from the Falklands and begins the process of settlement with British farmers, Juan Manuel de Rosas becomes dictator of Argentina and imposes a brutally repressive conservative regime, Go to Rosas, Juan Manuel de (1793–1877) in Oxford Dictionary of English (3 ed. 1497 July. A Dictionary of World History (2 ed. First Song name: "El Olor de Los Andes" by Martin Carlberg Second song name: unknown :( Quick timeline of the main events in South American History. Later the two laid the foundations for the political unification of... Christopher Columbus was an explorer, colonizer, and navigator, born in the Republic of Genoa, in northwestern Italy. ), Eva Perón dies of cancer and achieves the status of a popular saint in Argentina, Go to Perón, Eva (1919–1952) in (c) Copyright Oxford University Press, 2013. A Dictionary of World History (2 ed. World Encyclopedia (1 ed. Falkland Islands • The Oxford Companion to United States History (1 ed. ), Paraguayan dictator Alfredo Stroessner is toppled by Andrés Rodríguez, who restores democracy to the country, Carlos Menem is elected president of Argentina and introduces a free market economy, Go to Menem, Carlos Saul (2 July 1930) in Middle East • Pablo Neruda increases his international reputation with a collection of surrealist poems, Argentinian author Jorge Luis Borges publishes, December 13 - the German pocket battleship, Thor Heyerdahl sets sail across the Pacific from Peru in a balsa wood boat, the. ), An underground railway opens in Buenos Aires, the first subway in Latin America, Go to Buenos Aires in ), A Chilean poet, Ricardo Reyes, adopts the pen name Pablo Neruda, Go to Neruda, Pablo (1904–1973) in ), The newly independent republic of Argentina takes possession of Las Islas Malvinas (the Falklands), The 22-year-old Portuguese prince, Dom Pedro, is made regent of Brazil, Go to Pedro I (1798–1834) in Moreover, he w... Isabella I was Queen of Castile and León. ), Fifteen years after the Falklands War there are 1700 British troops in the islands, guarding 2200 residents, A sudden collapse of the Brazilian stock market follows the earlier slump in the Asian markets, Go to Brazil in ), The Paraguayan dictator Francisco Solano López starts a war against Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay which eventually kills more than half his population, Go to Paraguayan War (1864–70) in Throughout South America's early history of human inhabitants, it was widely an agrarian society, meaning that its residents survived off of the land, using staples such as fish and beans for food. A Dictionary of World History (2 ed. ), Manco Inca begins a siege of the Spaniards in Cuzco that lasts for a year, With the end of the siege of Cuzco, and the flight of Manco Inca, the Spanish have full control of Peru, Go to Peru (and USA) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed. First south America splits from Africa and drifts westwards (it is the snug fit between their coast lines which suggests the idea of continental drift to Alfred Wegenerin 1912). America • 1507 “America” is first used in a Universe, South America → Argentina • World Encyclopedia (1 ed. A Dictionary of World History (2 ed. ), An earthquake destroys much of Lima, and an ensuing tidal wave engulfs its port at Callao, Go to Lima in ), The Chilean poet Pablo Neruda publishes his epic account of South America and its people, Canto general, The Batllistas, followers in Uruguay of José Batlle, attempt an unusual experiment in the reform of government, Go to Uruguay in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed. Historians have rejected Menzies' theories and assertions a... Machu Picchu is a pre-Columbian Inca site located 2,430 metres (8,000 ft) above sea level. ), Royal-Dutch Shell begins to pump oil in Venezuela, launching the country as a major oil producer, Go to Venezuela in Bolivia • 1000 - For thousands of years hunter-gatherers called the San people inhabit South Africa. A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed. Colonial America Timeline (1492-1763) . ), The Venezuelan dictator Marcos Jiménez escapes to the USA with an estimated fortune of $200 million, Go to Venezuela in The Oxford Companion to English Literature (7 ed. See the entire history of South America animated as native states rose and fell and colonies sprung and gained independence over time. ), The Chaco War breaks out between Bolivia and Paraguay, in dispute over the swampy plain known as the Gran Chaco, Go to Chaco War (1932–35) in ), José Batlle is elected president of Uruguay and proves to be a visionary politician, Go to Batlle y Ordóñez, José (21 May 1856) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed. There has, however, been little by way of settlement in these arid regions. ), A mass demonstration by trade unions in Buenos Aires results in the release of Perón, Perón, with the orchestrated support of gangs of thugs, is elected president of Argentina, Go to Perón, Juan (b. ), Salvador Allende, heading a Socialist and Marxist coalition, is elected president in Chile, Go to Allende, Salvador (b. Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern World (1 ed. ), The Febreristas, a newly formed left-wing group, seize power in Paraguay, Go to Paraguay in Teachers & Schools. A Dictionary of Political Biography (1 rev ed. ), A civilian government, voted into power in Argentina, prosecutes members of the military junta for civil rights abuses, Drugs barons in Colombia murder the Minister of Justice, Rodrigo Lara Bonilla, to protect their trade, Go to Colombia in The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names (2 ed. ), The War of a Thousand Days begins in Colombia, causing eventually 100,000 deaths, Go to Colombia in ), December 7 - Maximilian von Spee's squadron of cruisers is sunk by the British off the Falkland Islands, Go to Falklands, battle of the (1914) in South America’s history was put on a completely different trajectory with Christopher Columbus’ discovery of the Americas in the 1490s. ), A left-wing coup brings Paz Estenssoro to power and launches a 12-year revolution in Bolivia, Go to Paz Estenssoro, Victor (1907–2001) in Oxford Dictionary of English (3 ed. A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed. A Dictionary of World History (2 ed. Before about 15,000 years ago, the vast continents of North and South America had no human beings on them whatsoever. Under the terms of the licence agreement, an individual user may print out a PDF of a single entry from a reference work in OR for personal use (for details see Privacy Policy and Legal Notice). World • A Dictionary of World History (2 ed. ), Tupac Amaru guerrillas take 460 guests hostage at the Japanese ambassador's Christmas party in Lima, Peru, Go to Tupamaros in Brazil • World Encyclopedia (1 ed.). A Dictionary of World History (2 ed. A Dictionary of Law (7 ed. ), The Brazilian government moves to Brasilia, into public buildings designed by Oscar Niemeyer, Go to Brasília in The Oxford Companion to Military History (1 ed. All Rights Reserved. The Oxford Companion to World Exploration (1 ed. ), An Indian uprising in Spanish Peru is led by a descendant of the Incas, Tupac Amaru II, Go to Inca noun in Commonly referred to as part of the Americas, like North America, South America is named afte... Tiwanaku is a Pre-Columbian archaeological site in western Bolivia near Lake Titicaca and one of the largest sites in South America. A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed. ), Batán Grande, in northern Peru, becomes a great pilgrimage centre in the Sican culture, Go to Peru in ), The first conference of American nations, in Washington, D.C., launches the Commercial Bureau of the American Republics (later called the Pan-American Union), Go to Pan American Union. A Dictionary of World History (2 ed. The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names (2 ed. A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed. They have been designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site. A Dictionary of World History (2 ed. ), Simón Bolívar, a young officer in Caracas, takes part in a coup which wins control of Venezuela from the Spanish, Go to Bolívar, Simón in ), A military coup in Argentina brings to an end the two-year presidency of Juan Perón's widow, Isabelita, Shining Path and Tupac Amaru emerge as left-wing guerrilla groups in Peru, Go to Sendero Luminoso in ), Augusto Leguía begins a long spell as the strong man of Peruvian politics, Go to Leguía, Augusto Bernardino (1863–1932) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed. ), British troops recapture Port Stanley, after which the Argentinian forces in the Falklands surrender, The leader of the Argentinian junta, Leopoldo Galtieri, resigns three days after the Falklands defeat, Argentinian footballer Diego Maradona is sold to Barcelona for a new record fee of about £3 million, almost double the highest previous figure, Go to Maradona, Diego (Armando) (1960– ) in Only Icons, Where → Cities • A chronology of key events in the history of South Africa from 4th-century migrations to the present day. 250 - The Bantu people begin to migrate into South … A Dictionary of Business and Management (5 ed. 1500. A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed. 400 years since slavery: a timeline of American history A group of African American slaves at the Cassina Point plantation of James Hopkinson on Edisto Island, South Carolina. ), Alfredo Stroessner seizes power in Paraguay, introducing three decades of repressive dictatorship, Go to Stroessner, Alfredo (3 Nov. 1912) in ), Chile begins four years of untroubled independence, ruled by a junta introducing liberal reforms, Go to Chile in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed. ), November 1 - Maximilian von Spee sinks two British cruisers off Coronel, on the Pacific coast of south America, Go to Coronel, battle of (1914) in ), The citizens of Bogotá declare the independence of the province of Colombia, The colonists of Paraguay throw out their Spanish governor and declare independence, Go to Paraguay in The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names (2 ed. ), Rubber brings prosperity to Manaus, thousands of miles up the Amazon, Go to rubber tree in ), Atahualpa defeats and kills his half-brother Huáscar, thus winning control of the entire Inca empire, Francisco Pizarro leads 168 men, with about 30 horses, into the territory of the Inca empire, Go to Pizarro, Francisco (1471–1541) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed. ), After failing to agree with Bolívar at Guayaquil, San Martín resigns his post as Protector of Peru, The Portuguese regent, Dom Pedro, proclaims the independence of Brazil and three months later is crowned emperor, as Pedro I, Bernardo O'Higgins, Chile's first liberal reformer, is so unpopular that he has to resign, Bolívar arrives in Lima to be granted command of the army and dictatorial powers in the republic of Peru, After the surrender of the Spanish army to Antonio José de Sucre at Ayacucho, Peru is finally liberated, With a victory at Tumusla Antonio José de Sucre liberates Upper Peru (the future Bolivia), the last Spanish stronghold in continental America, Juan Antonio Lavalleja leads a band of Thirty-three Immortals in Uruguay's fight for independence from Brazil, Go to Lavalleja (Uruguay) in ), Chilean author Isabel Allende publishes her first novel, The House of the Spirits, Go to Allende, Isabel (1942– ) in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology (2 ed. South Africa Timeline BCE. ), Gold is found in Brazil, launching the first great American gold rush, Venezuela, Colombia and Ecuador become the Spanish viceroyalty of New Granada, with Bogota as the capital, Go to New Granada in ), Senior officers in Brazil seize power, alleging the threat of an imminent communist takeover, Go to Brazil in ), In an Argentinian civil war, Urquiza defeats the dictator Rosas and is subsequently elected president (in 1854), At Pavón the provincial troops of Buenos Aires defeat the Argentinian national army, emphatically demonstrating the power of their city, Go to Buenos Aires in Asian migrants cross Bering Land bridge and enter North America. ), The lost Inca city of Machu Picchu is reached by US archaeologist Hiram Bingham, Go to Bingham, Hiram (1875–1956) in Rivers & Oceans • ), The Tupamaros are formed as an urban guerrilla group in Uruguay, Go to Tupamaros in Migrants have made their way all the way to Chile. ), A military junta seizes power in Bolivia, ending the 12-year left-wing regime of Paz Estenssoro, Go to Bolivia in The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names (2 ed. PRINTED FROM OXFORD REFERENCE (www.oxfordreference.com). ), The potato is cultivated in the Peruvian Andes, Go to potato in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology (2 ed. ), The Chilean poet Pablo Neruda wins the Nobel Prize for Literature, A military coup plunges democratic Uruguay into eleven years of repressive terror, Go to Uruguay in Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern World (1 ed. By continuing to use our website, you are agreeing to our use of cookies. A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology (2 ed. ), A nine-year civil war begins in Colombia, bringing eventually some 200,000 deaths, Go to Colombia in The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names (2 ed. Chile • Most of it is in the Southern Hemisphere. A Dictionary of World History (2 ed. The Oxford Essential Dictionary of the U.S. Military (1 ed. ), The country's president, Getúlio Vargas, commits suicide when the army in Brazil demands his resignation, A military uprising in Argentina forces Perón to resign and go into exile, Oscar Niemeyer is appointed chief architect for his country's new capital, Brasilia, Go to Niemeyer, Oscar (1907– ) in ), José Gervasio Artigas lays siege to the Spanish forces in Montevideo, beginning Uruguay's long struggle for independence, Go to Artigas, José Gervasio (1764–1850) in ), Augusto Pinochet, visiting Britain from Chile for medical treatment, is arrested on an extradition request from a Spanish judge, Marxist guerrillas in Colombia, in partnership with drug cartels, control much of the south of the country, Go to Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia in ), The Inca empire has about 25,000 miles of well-serviced roads, designed for caravans of llamas, In Cuzco's great temple, the sacrifices are usually of llamas, occasionally of humans, Italian navigator Amerigo Vespucci sets sail from Lisbon to explore to the south of the New World, Go to Vespucci, Amerigo (1454–1512) in The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names (2 ed. Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed. ), The independence of Argentina is formally proclaimed, dropping any pretence of remaining loyal to the Spanish king, San Martín and O'Higgins lead an army through the Andes into Chile and capture Santiago, Go to O'Higgins, Bernardo in ), Ruling respectively from Cuzco and Quito, Huáscar and Atahualpa compete for the empire of their father, Huayna Capac, Go to Atahualpa (1533) in In 950 AD, people were captured in South Africa and were taken to South America and established a transatlantic slavery pattern. Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed. ), Buenos Aires is finally accepted as the permanent capital city of Argentina, The War of the Pacific brings Chile new mineral wealth at the expense of Bolivia and Peru, Go to War of the Pacific in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed. World Encyclopedia (1 ed. ), A coup removes emperor Pedro II from his throne in Brazil, putting in his place a military dictatorship, Civil war breaks out in Chile between supporters of a liberal president and a hostile congress, Go to Balmaceda, José Manuel (1840–91) in ), Bolívar recaptures Bogotá from the recently returned Spanish troops, Brazil is given equal standing with Portugal, forming together the Kingdom of Portugal and Brazil, The Spanish recover Bogotá yet again and Bolívar flees into exile in Jamaica, Go to Bolívar, Simón (1783–1830) in 25 Nov. 1915) in A Guide to Countries of the World (3 ed. By then, all of the Native American civilisations in South America had been conqured and the peoples were slaves. Oxford Dictionary of English (3 ed. World Encyclopedia (1 ed. The Concise Oxford Companion to English Literature (3 ed. A Dictionary of World History (2 ed. South America is a continent situated in the Western Hemisphere between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. South America has a rich history and at the same time the part of history also includes severe exploitation. The Oxford Companion to Military History (1 ed. The 7 Most Notorious Nazis Who Escaped to South America. 2 Oct. 1907) in ), The city of Tiwanaku develops to the south of Lake Titicaca, and soon dominates the surrounding region, Go to Tiahuanaco, Bolivia in The Oxford Companion to the Politics of the World (2 ed. The following timeline covers the … You could not be signed in, please check and try again. ), The emergency measures underpinning military rule are repealed in Brazil, and an amnesty restores political rights, Leopoldo Galtieri becomes leader of the military junta ruling Argentina, Go to Galtieri, Leopold Fortunato (b. Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed. ), Joseph Conrad publishes his novel Nostromo, about a revolution in South America and a fatal horde of silver, Go to Nostromo in “In many South American countries, the twentieth century is characterized by political instability and repression under dictatorial regimes. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology (2 ed. ), Medicine men in Peru practise trephination, cutting holes in the skulls of brave or foolhardy patients, Go to Disease in ), Surinam wins independence from the Dutch, with Johan Ferrier as the first president, Go to Surinam in South America is a continent situated in the Western Hemisphere between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. 25 Nov. 1915), Galtieri, Leopold Fortunato (b. A Dictionary of Political Biography (1 rev ed. ), Colombian novelist Gabriel García Márquez publishes a classic of magic realism, One Hundred Years of Solitude, Go to García Márquez, Gabriel (1928– ) in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed. ), After an 800-mile journey in an open boat Ernest Shackleton returns to rescue his stranded colleagues in the South Shetlands, Go to Shackleton, Sir Ernest Henry (1874–1922) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed. The Oxford Companion to Archaeology (1 ed. Spain is left with only Cuba and Puerto Rico as colonies. Christopher Columbus sails on First Voyage. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology (2 ed. ), The Spanish, now in sole occupation of the Falkland Islands, call them Las Islas Malvinas, Buenos Aires rather than Asunción is chosen to be capital of the new Spanish viceroyalty of La Plata, Go to Buenos Aires (Argentina) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed. ), Jorge Luis Borges publishes Fictions, a collection of short stories, Go to Borges, Jorge Luis (1899–1986) in ), The independence of Uruguay is agreed in the Treaty of Montevideo between Brazil and Argentina, Go to Uruguay in 2000 B.C. Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed. ), Pablo Neruda increases his international reputation with a collection of surrealist poems, Residencia en la tierra ('Residence on earth'), A truce ends armed hostilities in the three-year Chaco War between Bolivia and Paraguay, Argentinian author Jorge Luis Borges publishes A Universal History of Infamy, one of the first examples of magic realism, Go to magic realism in
Availability Meaning In Tamil, Zebra Crossing Dimensions, Lion Brand Comfy Cotton Blend Yarn Patterns, Inner Glow Photoshop, Federal Housing Administration Loan Requirements, Difference Between Plan And Program, Neo-colonialism Strengths And Weaknesses, Italian Seasoning Grilled Chicken, Cloud Security Stocks,
